02112nas a2200145   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260000800204300001000212490000700222520163600229100003201865700002001897856004901917       2004                        eng d00aRelative sensitivity distribution of aquatic invertebrates to organic and metal compounds0 aRelative sensitivity distribution of aquatic invertebrates to or  cJan  a150-60 v233 aIn the field, a multitude of species can be exposed to numerous toxicants; thus, the sensitivity of individual species to particular toxicants must be known to predict effects and to analyze changes in species composition. For most species, no information about their toxicant sensitivity is available. To address this limitation, we have grouped the available information to assign sensitivities to aquatic invertebrate taxa relative to Daphnia magna. With respect to organic compounds, most taxa of the orders Anisoptera, Basommatophora, Coleoptera, Decapoda, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Eulamellibranchiata, Heteroptera, Hirudinea, Isopoda, Oligochaeta, Prosobranchia, Trichoptera, Tricladida, and Zygoptera are less sensitive than D. magna. Some taxa of the Amphipoda, Plecoptera, and Cladocera (other than D. magna) are significantly more sensitive. For organic compounds, approximately 22% of the investigated taxa were more sensitive than D. magna. Most taxa of the orders Amphipoda, Basommatophora, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Eulamellibranchiata, Heteroptera, Isopoda, Oligochaeta, and Tricladida are significantly less sensitive than D. magna to metal compounds. The taxa belonging to the Crustacea, with the exception of the order Isopoda, are much more sensitive. For metal compounds, approximately 30% of the investigated taxa were more sensitive than D. magna. Hence, D. magna is among the most sensitive taxa regarding both groups of toxicants. The sensitivities for several taxa are listed, and use of the relative sensitivity distribution to link toxicant effects in mesocosm studies and field investigations is discussed.1 avon der Ohe, Peter, Carsten1 aLiess, Matthias  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/26202313nas a2200145   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260000800208300000600216520183200222100001902054700002102073700002402094856004902118       2009                        eng d00aSublethal effects and predator-prey interactions: implications for ecological risk assessment0 aSublethal effects and predatorprey interactions implications for  cJul  a13 aEcological risk assessments tend to focus on contaminant effects on single species in isolation. However, additional effects from interactions between species (e.g. predator-prey interactions) may also occur in natural systems. This study investigated the consequences of sublethal contaminant effects in prey on predator-prey interactions, particularly the interaction between prey behavioural changes and predation by predators with different hunting strategies. Ambush (Ischnura elegans Vander Linden (Insecta, Odonata)) and active (Notonecta glauca Linnaeus (Insecta, Heteroptera)) predator species were used in conjunction with three prey species (Asellus aquaticus Linnaeus (Crustacea, Isopoda), Cloëon dipterum Linnaeus (Insecta, Ephemeroptera), and Chironomus riparius Meigen (Insecta, Diptera)). Immobilised prey demonstrated the importance of prey behaviour for determining predation rates for both single and multiple prey species. Chironomus riparius was less responsive following exposure to cadmium, becoming more vulnerable to attack by the active but not the ambush predator. There was also some evidence for reduced general activity in C. dipterum following cadmium exposure. Sublethal exposure of prey did not affect the prey choice of active predators, possibly due to prey behavioural changes being insufficient to influence their relative availabilities. However, cadmium exposure of prey did alter their susceptibility to ambush predators. There was a reduction in the proportion of C. dipterum and an increased proportion of A. aquaticus in the diet of ambush predators, possibly due to reduced activity in C. dipterum affecting their relative encounter rates with predators. Sublethal exposures can therefore result in reduced prey survival that would not be predicted by single species toxicity tests.1 aBrooks, Amy, C1 aGaskell, Paul, N1 aMaltby, Lorraine, L  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/204