01612nas a2200193   4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260000800238300001000246490000700256520098800263100002201251700002001273700002301293700001901316700001801335700001601353856004901369       2006                        eng d00aIsolation of sperm vesicles from adult male mayflies and other insects to prepare high molecular weight genomic DNA samples0 aIsolation of sperm vesicles from adult male mayflies and other i  cMar  a65-700 v333 aWe describe here a simple and efficient protocol for genomic DNA isolation from adult males of insects: e.g., Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera and Dictyoptera. To minimize contamination of external DNA source, the sperm vesicles were isolated from male individuals from which high molecular weight genomic DNA was extracted. According to this protocol, the genomic DNA samples obtained were high quality (intact), and abundant enough for genotyping analyses and molecular cloning. The protocol reported here enables us to process a huge number of individuals at a time with escaping from cross-contamination, and thus it is quite useful for conducting genetic studies at least in some species of insects. The large yield of high molecular weight DNA from single individual may be advantageous for non PCR-based experiments. As a case study of the protocol, partial coding sequences of histone H3 and EF-1alpha genes are determined for some insects with PCR-amplified DNA fragments.1 aTakemon, Yasuhiro1 aYamamoto, Akiko1 aNakashima, Masashi1 aTanida, Kazumi1 aKishi, Mitsuo1 aKato, Mikio  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/24501712nas a2200145   4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260000800249300000800257490000700265520120900272100002001481700001601501856004901517       2006                        eng d00aDifferentiation of the dragonfly genus Davidius (Odonata: Gomphidae) in Japan inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies0 aDifferentiation of the dragonfly genus Davidius Odonata Gomphida  cJan  a1-80 v233 aTo infer the differentiation of Japanese Davidius dragonflies, we investigated the genealogies of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region encompassing 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 sequences for three species endemic to Japan–Davidius nanus, D. fujiama, and D. moiwanus–as well as D. lunatus from the Korean Peninsula. According to the mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies, D. nanus and D. moiwanus are closely related and are sister to the continental species D. lunatus, whereas D. fujiama differentiated from an ancestor of the other three species. Although the mitochondrial DNA data did not resolve the relationships between D. nanus and three D. moiwanus subspecies, the nuclear DNA data indicate the monophyly of D. moiwanus and its subspecies. The nuclear gene genealogy suggests that isolated wetlands used by larval D. moiwanus derive from the ancestral riverine habitats of D. nanus and other Davidius species. The COI sequence divergence among local populations was much greater in D. moiwanus than in D. nanus, which may be the result of differences in the dispersal ranges associated with the habitat types of these species.1 aKiyoshi, Takuya1 aSota, Teiji  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/24603072nas a2200205   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260000800244300001100252490000800263520239000271100002902661700002602690700002102716700002002737700001902757700002302776700001802799856004902817       2006                        eng d00aWater quality and macroinvertebrate community response following pesticide applications in a banana plantation, Limon, Costa Rica0 aWater quality and macroinvertebrate community response following  cAug  a418-320 v3673 aPesticides used in banana production may enter watercourses and pose ecological risks for aquatic ecosystems. The occurrence and effects of pesticides in a stream draining a banana plantation was evaluated using chemical characterization, toxicity testing and macrobenthic community composition. All nematicides studied were detected in the surface waters of the banana plantation during application periods, with peak concentrations following applications. Toxicity tests were limited to the carbofuran application and no toxicity was observed with the acute tests used. However, since pesticide concentrations were generally below the lowest LC50 value for crustaceans but above calculated aquatic quality criteria, there remains a risk of chronic toxicity. Accurate ecological assessments of pesticide use in banana plantations are currently limited by the lack of local short-term chronic toxicity tests and tests using sensitive native species. Relatively constant levels of four pesticides (imazalil, thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos and propiconazole), which had toxic effects according to the 96h hydra and 21d daphnia chronic test, were recorded in the effluent of the packing plant throughout the study, indicating that the solid waste trap used in this facility was not effective in eliminating toxic chemicals. Certain taxa, such as Heterelmis sp. (Elmidae), Heteragrion sp. (Megapodagrionidae, Odonata), Caenis sp. (Caenidae, Ephemerotera), and Smicridea sp. (Hidropsychidae, Trichoptera), were more abundant at reference sites than in the banana farm waters, and may be good candidates for toxicity testing. Multivariate analyses of the macroinvertebrate communities clearly showed that the banana plantation sites were significantly different from the reference sites. Moreover, following the pesticide applications, all the banana plantation sites showed significant changes in community composition, with the same genera being affected at all sites and for all pesticides (terbufos, cadusafos and carbofuran). Consequently, the results presented here show that multivariate analysis of community composition was more sensitive in distinguishing pesticide effects than the toxicity tests and richness and composition measures used. We conclude that monitoring macroinvertebrate communities can be a powerful tool in the assessment of ecological effects of banana production.1 aCastillo, Luisa, Eugenia1 aMart{\'ınez, Eduardo1 aRuepert, Clemens1 aSavage, Candida1 aGilek, Michael1 aPinnock, Margareth1 aSolis, Efrain  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/24701642nas a2200157   4500008004100000245018200041210006900223300001000292490000700302520103500309100002401344700002601368700002201394700001901416856004901435       2006                        eng d00aSystenostrema alba Larsson 1988 (Microsporidia, Thelohaniidae) in the Dragonfly Aeshna viridis (Odonata, Aeshnidae) from South Siberia: morphology and molecular characterization0 aSystenostrema alba Larsson 1988 Microsporidia Thelohaniidae in t  a49-570 v533 aAn octospore microsporidium was found in the nymphs of Aeshna viridis, collected in intermittent streams near Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia in 2003. Spores were uninucleate and measured 6.1+/-0.07 x 3.0+/-0.04 microm on fresh smears. The polar filament was anisofilar having 10-11 anterior coils (thicker filament diam.) and 10-11 posterior (thinner filament diam.) coils. Sporophorous vesicles were persistent and measured 12.3+/-0.23 x 11.9+/-0.20 microm. The infection was restricted to the adipose tissue and caused the formation of whitish "cysts" containing mature octospores. Based on ultrastructural similarity we consider this Siberian isolate to be Systenostrema alba, a species described from Aeshna grandis collected in Sweden (Larsson 1988). Maximum likelihood, neighbor joining, and maximum parsimony analyses of the small subunit rDNA all placed Systenostrema alba (Accession no. AY953292) as the sister taxon to a clade consisting of Thelohania solenopsae, Tubulinosema ratisbonensis, and Tubulinosema acridophagus.1 aSokolova, Yuliya, Y1 aKryukova, Nataliya, A1 aGlupov, Viktor, V1 aFuxa, James, R  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/24801241nas a2200145   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197300001000266490000700276520070700283100001800990700002101008700001701029856004901046       2006                        eng d00a[Microsporidiosis of the dragonfly Aeshna viridis larvae (Odonata: Aeshnidae) caused by Systenostrema alba Larsson, 1988 (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae)]0 aMicrosporidiosis of the dragonfly Aeshna viridis larvae Odonata   a66-730 v403 aA microsporidian species producing octospores in sporophorous vesicles is found in Aeshna viridis larvae from intermittent streams situated in the vicinity of Novosibirsk City. Size of the spores measured on fresh smears was 6.9 +/- 0.09 microm x 4.1 +/- 0.08 microm (6.0-7.6 x 3.5-4.9). Each spore have single elongated nucleus and an anisofilar polar filament composed of 10-11 anterior and 10-11 posterior coils. The infection was restricted to adipose tissue. According to spore morphology the Siberian isolate can be attributed to the species Systenostrema alba described from Aeshna grandis in Sweden (Larsson, 1988). This is the first description of Microsporidia infecting Odonata from Siberia.1 aKriukov, N, A1 aSokolova, Iu, Ia1 aGlupov, V, V  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/249