01699nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260000800226300000900234490000700243520117800250100002401428700002001452700002001472856004901492       2002                        eng d00aHabitat size: a factor determining the opportunity for encounters between mosquito larvae and aquatic predators0 aHabitat size a factor determining the opportunity for encounters  cJun  a8-200 v273 aOccurrence patterns of mosquito immatures and insect predators in containers of various sizes were surveyed in summer (June-July) and autumn (September) of 1998 in a rural area of Saga, southwestern Japan. Mosquitoes were categorized into three types in relation to habitat size. First, Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. and Tripteroides bambusa occurred mostly in small containers of < 0.1 m2. Second, Ae. japonicus and Culex kyotoensis occurred in larger container sizes, compared with the first group. Third, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis occurred in rice fields in summer and in large containers in the autumn. Predators such as Notonectidae, Anisoptera nymphs, and Chaoborus sp. and a predaceous mosquito Cx. halifaxii occurred mainly in large (> or = 0.1 m2) containers. The mosquitoes of the third group showed similarities with predators in the occurrence of each habitat type, and they frequently co-occurred with predators. The mosquitoes of the first group showed less similarity with predators in habitat type preference, and they rarely co-occurred with predators. The second group mosquitoes showed intermediate patterns of the first and the third groups.1 aSunahara, Toshihiko1 aIshizaka, Kenji1 aMogi, Motoyoshi  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/26301566nas a2200121   4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001100220490000800231520113600239100002001375856004901395       2002                        eng d00aDiversity of Anisoptera (Odonata): infering speciation processes from patterns of morphological diversity0 aDiversity of Anisoptera Odonata infering speciation processes fr  a355-650 v1053 aWith roughly 2500 described species Anisoptera are among the species-poor suborders within insects. However, morphological and ecological variability are truly impressive. Anisoptera are classified into about 15 families of variable species richness. In this analysis phylogenetic research is integrated with comparative approaches to investigate possible explanations of differential speciation rates within this suborder. A short review of phylogenetic work based on morphological characters is compared to published molecular phylogenies. Sistergroup comparisons are used to elucidate whether a) sexual selection, b) duration of life cycles, or c) differentiation in body size, have had a detectable effect on speciation rate. In all three analyses effects of distributional range and latitudinal distribution were controlled. These analyses suggest sexual selection promotes speciation and an increase in body size is positively correlated with speciation rate. The evolutionary significance of these results is discussed and experimental approaches that should advance our understanding of anisopteran diversity are suggested.1 aMisof, Bernhard  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/26402328nas a2200169   4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001200209490000700221520177600228100002402004700002102028700002102049700002202070700001702092856004902109       2002                        eng d00aImpacts of golf courses on macroinvertebrate community structure in Precambrian shield streams0 aImpacts of golf courses on macroinvertebrate community structure  a2015-250 v313 aThe influence of golf course operation on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Precambrian Shield streams was evaluated using rapid bioassessment and the reference condition approach. Streams were sampled for water chemistry and invertebrates in 1999 and 2000, six on operational golf courses, and seven in forested reference locations. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to determine the major patterns in the macroinvertebrate taxa, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate relationships with environmental variables. The reference streams were used to define the normal range of variation for a variety of summary indices to evaluate the golf course streams. In all cases, golf course streams were higher in nutrients and dissolved ions and more alkaline than the forested reference streams. There was considerable variability in the macroinvertebrate fauna from the golf course streams, which was related to differences in golf course land management practices and to the potential influence of highway runoff. Of the management practices evaluated, fertilizer application rates in particular were important, as was the presence of ponds upstream on the course. Invertebrate taxa with higher abundances in golf course streams included Turbellaria, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Zygoptera, and Trombidiformes. Taxa more common in the reference streams included Ephemeroptera, Megaloptera, Culicidae, and Plecoptera. There were marked differences in the overall benthic macroinvertebrate community in three of the six golf course streams studied relative to the forested reference streams, suggesting that golf course land management on the Precambrian Shield can be associated with significant differences in macroinvertebrate community structure.1 aWinter, Jennifer, G1 aSomers, Keith, M1 aDillon, Peter, J1 aPaterson, Carolyn1 aReid, Ron, A  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/265