@article {241,
	title = {Convergent evolution of gigantism in damselflies of Africa and South America? Evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data},
	journal = {Mol Phylogenet Evol},
	volume = {42},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {339-46},
	abstract = {Extreme large body size is rare in modern Zygoptera (damselflies). Only the South and Central American damselfly family Pseudostigmatidae and one African species, Coryphagrion grandis, share the morphological trait of gigantism. By means of phylogenetic analyses using two mitochondrial markers (16S rDNA and ND1) and one nuclear marker (EF1) in combination with an existing morphological data set, we trace the evolution of gigantism in damselflies. Individual and combined data sets were analyzed using the maximum parsimony, minimum evolution and maximum likelihood algorithms. Regardless of the algorithm used and the data set analyzed all principal tree topologies support a monophyly of the damselfly taxa displaying giant body size. This supports the view that the evolution of gigantism in damselflies from Africa and South America is not the result of convergent evolution due to strikingly similar habitat preferences, but rather the result of close genealogical relationship. Because modern odonates evolved before the split of Africa from Gondwanaland, the proposed phylogeny suggests that C. grandis represents a Gondwana relict.},
	author = {Groeneveld, Linn F and Clausnitzer, Viola and Hadrys, Heike}
}
@article {242,
	title = {Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): An exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	chapter = {289},
	author = {Ware, Jessica L. and May, M. L. and Kjer, K. M.}
}
@article {243,
	title = {Mechanical properties of the endophytic ovipositor in damselflies (Zygoptera, Odonata) and their oviposition substrates},
	journal = {Zoology (Jena)},
	volume = {110},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {167-75},
	abstract = {Damselfly females use their ovipositor valves to saw aquatic plants in order to insert their eggs into the plant tissues. Stiffness of the plant substrata is therefore an important parameter for oviposition substrate choice by females. Using a force transducer combined with a motorised micromanipulator, the bending stiffness of the ovipositor at the axial compressional load was studied in seven European damselfly species and compared to the local stiffness of seven preferred plant substrates. The puncture force of tested plant samples ranged from 105 to 1500 mN, and their local stiffness ranged from 208 to 1776 N/m. The bending stiffness of the ovipositor was estimated as 173-409 N/m depending on the damselfly species. Using original and literature data, a significant positive correlation between mechanical properties of the ovipositor and preferred oviposition substrates was demonstrated. Possible behavioural adaptations to overcome high stiffness of plant tissues during oviposition are discussed.},
	author = {Matushkina, Nataly and Gorb, Stanislav}
}
@article {244,
	title = {Three new species of Peristicta Hagen in Selys (Odonata: Zygoptera: Protoneuridae) from Brazil},
	journal = {Neotrop Entomol},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {46-52},
	abstract = {Three new species of Peristicta Hagen in Selys from Brazil are described and illustrated: P. janiceae from Minas Gerais State (Diamantina, Gouv{\^e}a, Lagoa Santa, Serra do Cara{\c c}a, Serra do Cip{\'o}, Urobotanga), P. jalmosi from Goi{\'a}s State (Chapada dos Veadeiros, Reserva da Universidade de Bras{\'{\i}lia) and Minas Gerais State (Urobotanga, Lagoa Santa, Ponte Nova, S{\~a}o Jo{\~a}o del Rey,) and P. muzoni from Mato Grosso State (Serra da Bodoquena). An identification key for males of Peristicta is presented.},
	author = {Pessacq, Pablo and Costa, Janira M}
}
@article {231,
	title = {Function of multiple sperm-storage organs in female damselflies (Ischnura senegalensis): difference in amount of ejaculate stored, sperm loss, and priority in fertilization},
	journal = {J Insect Physiol},
	volume = {53},
	number = {10},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1046-54},
	abstract = {We studied changes in the number of sperm within two kinds of female sperm-storage organ in the damselfly Ischnura senegalensis (Odonata: Coenagrionidae): the bursa copulatrix and the spermatheca. We counted the number of sperm within each storage organ and tested their viability after a single copulation in female damselflies kept for seven days with and without oviposition. We also counted sperm and tested their viability in females that underwent an interrupted second copulation after the sperm-removal stage, and after subsequent oviposition. Our results showed that the bursa copulatrix and spermatheca have different sperm storage roles. Immediately after copulation, most eggs appear to have been fertilized with bursal sperm, which were positioned near the fertilization point. By seven days after copulation, a greater proportion of spermathecal sperm were used for fertilization, as the number of bursal sperm had decreased. We hypothesize that female damselflies use the spermatheca for long-term storage and the bursa copulatrix for short-term storage: bursal sperm are more likely to be used for fertilization but may have a higher risk of mortality due to sperm removal by a competing male and/or sperm expelling by the female, whereas spermathecal sperm are safer but will be used for fertilization only after their release from the spermatheca.},
	author = {Nakahara, Miri and Tsubaki, Yoshitaka}
}
@article {232,
	title = {Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies},
	journal = {Mol Phylogenet Evol},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {289-310},
	abstract = {Although libelluloid dragonflies are diverse, numerous, and commonly observed and studied, their phylogenetic history is uncertain. Over 150 years of taxonomic study of Libelluloidea Rambur, 1842, beginning with Hagen (1840), [Rambur, M.P., 1842. Neuropteres. Histoire naturelle des Insectes, Paris, pp. 534; Hagen, H., 1840. Synonymia Libellularum Europaearum. Dissertation inaugularis quam consensu et auctoritate gratiosi medicorum ordinis in academia albertina ad summos in medicina et chirurgia honores.] and Selys (1850), [de Selys Longchamps, E., 1850. Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d{\textquoteright}Europe [avec la collaboration de H.A. Hagen]. Muquardt, Bruxelles; Leipzig, 1-408.], has failed to produce a consensus about family and subfamily relationships. The present study provides a well-substantiated phylogeny of the Libelluloidea generated from gene fragments of two independent genes, the 16S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and using models that take into account non-independence of correlated rRNA sites. Ninety-three ingroup taxa and six outgroup taxa were amplified for the 28S fragment; 78 ingroup taxa and five outgroup taxa were amplified for the 16S fragment. Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony analyses of the combined data produce well-resolved phylogenetic hypotheses and several previously suggested monophyletic groups were supported by each analysis. Macromiinae, Corduliidae s. s., and Libellulidae are each monophyletic. The corduliid (s.l.) subfamilies Synthemistinae, Gomphomacromiinae, and Idionychinae form a monophyletic group, separate from the Corduliinae. Libellulidae comprises three previously accepted subfamilies (Urothemistinae, a very restricted Tetrathemistinae, and a modified Libellulinae) and five additional consistently recovered groups. None of the other previously proposed subfamilies are supported. Bayesian analyses run with an additional 71 sequences obtained from GenBank did not alter our conclusions. The evolution of adult and larval morphological characters is discussed here to suggest areas for future focus. This study shows the inherent problems in using poorly defined and sometimes inaccurately scored characters, basing groups on symplesiomorphies, and failure to recognize the widespread effects of character correlation and convergence, especially in aspects of wing venation.},
	author = {Ware, Jessica and May, Michael and Kjer, Karl}
}
@article {233,
	title = {Ribeiroia ondatrae cercariae are consumed by aquatic invertebrate predators},
	journal = {J Parasitol},
	volume = {93},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1240-3},
	abstract = {Trematodes amplify asexually in their snail intermediate hosts, resulting in the potential release of hundreds to thousands of free-living cercariae per day for the life of the snail. The high number of cercariae released into the environment undoubtedly increases the probability of transmission. Although many individual cercariae successfully infect another host in their life cycle, most fail. Factors that prevent successful transmission of cercariae are poorly understood. Microcrustaceans and fish have been observed to eat cercariae of some species, although the possibility that predation represents a significant source of mortality for cercariae has been largely unexplored. We tested the cercariophagic activity of several freshwater invertebrates on Ribeiroia ondatrae, a trematode that causes limb deformities in amphibians. Individuals of potential predators were placed into wells of multiwell plates with 10-15 cercariae, and numbers of cercariae remaining over time were recorded and compared with numbers in control wells that contained no predators. Of the species tested, Hydra sp., damselfly (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) larvae, dragonfly (Odonata, Libellulidae), larvae, and copepods (Cyclopoida) consumed cercariae. In some cases, 80-90\% of the cercariae offered to damselfly and dragonfly larvae were consumed within 10 min. In most cases, predators continued to consume cercariae at the same average rates when offered cercariae together with individuals of an alternate prey item. Hydra sp. ate fewer cercariae in these trials. Our findings suggest the need for field and laboratory studies to further explore the effects of predators on transmission of R. ondatrae to amphibian larvae. In addition, the results suggest that conservation of the biodiversity and numbers of aquatic predators may limit adverse impacts of trematode infections in vertebrate hosts.},
	author = {Schotthoefer, Anna M and Labak, K Marie and Beasley, Val R}
}
@article {234,
	title = {Effects of temperature stress and pesticide exposure on fluctuating asymmetry and mortality of Copera annulata (Selys) (Odonata: Zygoptera) larvae},
	journal = {Ecotoxicol Environ Saf},
	volume = {67},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {May},
	pages = {120-7},
	abstract = {Although there have been some investigations into the effects of insecticide on the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of adult damselflies, the cooperative effects of environmental factors on FA of larval damselflies were known little. This paper explored effects of exposure to temperature and pesticide on larval development of the damselfly Copera annulata (Selys). A conventional life history trait (mortality) and developmental instability (estimated by calculating fluctuating asymmetry of bilaterally symmetrical structures) were used to measure stresses in this paper. The results showed that temperature and different concentrations of pesticide produced significant effects only on developmental stability of some characters. The FA values of three traits decreased at lower concentrations, then increased slowly with increased insecticide doses. The FA values of four traits decreased slowly with increased temperatures. However, the interaction between different concentrations of insecticide and temperature was complicated and only produced significant effects on five traits. Insecticide treatment did not significantly affect mortality of the larvae of damselfly. However, mortality was significantly positively associated with temperature. There were significantly negative associations between mortality and the FA values of three traits. These results may be caused by higher mortality and short rearing time although we did not find the significant effects of concentrations on mortality. Therefore, we speculate FA may be induced if larval damselflies were treated during longer term and FA has potential as a more specific bioindicator of stresses if we guarantee enough longer rearing time without higher mortality under stressful environment.},
	author = {Chang, Xiaoli and Zhai, Baoping and Liu, Xiangdong and Wang, Min}
}
@article {235,
	title = {Fauna aquatic insects in sewage maturation ponds of Kashan University of Medical Science 2005},
	journal = {Pak J Biol Sci},
	volume = {10},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {928-31},
	abstract = {Organic materials in maturation ponds, the personal study was carried out to determine the aquatic insects living in the maturation pond of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2005. This was a descriptive study, 9 series of sampling including 1032 of larva, nymph and adults were collected and sent to a laboratory. Then they were diagnosed using stereo microscope and morphologic identification key. At of 1032 collected samples from 4 maturation ponds, the orders if Diptera (52\%), Hempitera (24\%), Ciclopodidade (12\%), Hydroacarina (9.5\%), Coleptera (0.77\%), Aranida (0.67\%), Hymenoptera (0.58\%), Odonata (0.48\%), were determined. The families of Chironomidae and Culicidae from Diptera order, Corixidae, Notonectidae, Cupepodae and Copepodidae families from Hemiptera order, Hydrophilidae family from Coleptera order, Aranidae family from Aranida order, Vospidae family from Hymenoptera order, Anizoptera suborder from Odonata order were determined. Maturation ponds are the artificial places where are appropriate for the growth and development of aquatic insects and also for their predators with taking in to account that some of these insects are the carriers of pathogens, make inconvenience for human and also has significant role in the cycle of changing materials, it is recommended that further specialized studies carry out in this regard.},
	author = {Dehghani, Rouhollah and Miranzadeh, Mohhamad Bagher and Yosefzadeh, Mehrnoosh and Zamani, Soheyla}
}
@article {236,
	title = {Hygroreceptors in the larva of Libellula depressa (Odonata: Libellulidae)},
	journal = {J Insect Physiol},
	volume = {53},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {550-8},
	abstract = {Ultrastructural and electrophysiological (single-cell recordings) investigations were carried out on the coeloconic sensilla borne by the apical antenna of the larvae of Libellula depressa (Odonata: Libellulidae). These sensilla appear as pegs located in pits. One of them is a compound sensillum constituted of two fused pegs in a common pit and the other two are single pegs located in separated pits close to each other. Coeloconic sensilla show position and ultrastructural details very similar to those described in insect hygroreceptors. The electrophysiological recordings on the apical antennae of the last larval instar of L. depressa clearly show the presence of moist and dry cells responding antagonistically to humidity changes. This study gives the first evidence of hygroreceptors in dragonfly larvae and represents the first electrophysiological approach to larval sensilla of aquatic insects. The presence of hygroreceptors in L. depressa larvae is in agreement with the hygropositive response shown by these insects in laboratory and field behavioural experiments.},
	author = {Rebora, Manuela and Piersanti, Silvana and Almaas, Tor Jorgen and Gaino, Elda}
}
@article {237,
	title = {Impact of environmental manipulation for Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald control on aquatic insect communities in southern Mexico},
	journal = {J Vector Ecol},
	volume = {32},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {41-53},
	abstract = {Extraction of filamentous algae from river pools is highly effective for the control of Anophelespseudopunctipennis in southern Mexico. We determined the magnitude of changes to the aquatic insect community following single annual perturbations performed over two years. In 2001, algae were manually removed from all the pools in a 3 km long section of the River Coat{\'a}n, Mexico, while an adjacent section was left as an untreated control. In 2002, the treatments of both zones were switched and algal extraction was repeated. The abundance of An. pseudopunctipennis larvae + pupae was dramatically reduced by this treatment and remained depressed for two to three months. A total of 11,922 aquatic insects from ten orders, 40 families, and 95 genera were collected in monthly samples taken over five months of each year. Algal extraction did not reduce the overall abundance of aquatic insects in river pools, but a greater abundance and a greater richness of taxa were observed in 2002 compared to the previous year. This was associated with reduced precipitation and river discharge in 2002 compared to 2001. Shannon diversity index values were significantly depressed following algal extraction for a period of three months, in both years, before returning to values similar to those of the control zone. However, differences between years were greater than differences between treatments within a particular year. When insects were classified by functional feeding group (FFG), no significant differences were detected in FFG densities between extraction and control zones over time in either year of the study. Similarly, percent model affinity index values were classified as "not impacted" by the extraction process. Discriminant function analysis identified two orders of insects (Diptera and Odonata), water temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity, and river volume (depth, width, and discharge) as being of significant value in defining control and treatment groups in both years. We conclude that habitat manipulation represents an effective and environmentally benign strategy for control of An. pseduopunctipennis. Variation in precipitation and river discharge between years was much more important in determining aquatic insect community composition than variation generated by the filamentous algal extraction treatment.},
	author = {Bond, J G and Quiroz-Mart{\'{\i}nez, H and Rojas, J C and Valle, J and Ulloa, A and Williams, T}
}
@article {238,
	title = {Effective population sizes and migration rates in fragmented populations of an endangered insect (Coenagrion mercuriale: Odonata)},
	journal = {J Anim Ecol},
	volume = {76},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {790-800},
	abstract = {1. Effective population sizes (N(e)) and migration rates (m) are critical evolutionary parameters that impact on population survival and determine the relative influence of selection and genetic drift. While the parameter m is well-studied in animal populations, N(e) remains challenging to measure and consequently is only rarely estimated, particularly in insect taxa. 2. We used demographic and genetic methods to estimate N(e) and m in a fragmented population of the endangered damselfly Coenagrion mercuriale to better understand the contrast between genetic and field estimates of these parameters and also to identify the spatial scale over which populations may become locally adapted. 3. We found a contrast between demographic- and genetic-based estimates of these parameters, with the former apparently providing overestimates of N(e), owing to substantial underestimation of the variance in reproductive success, and the latter overestimating m, because spatial genetic structure is weak. 4. The overall N(e) of sites within the population network at Beaulieu Heath, the largest C. mercuriale site in the UK, was estimated to vary between approximately 60 and 2700. 5. While N(e) was not correlated with either the total numbers of adults (N) or the area of habitat, this parameter was always less than N, because of substantial variance in reproductive success. The ratio N(e)/N varied between 0.006 and 0.42 and was generally larger in smaller populations, possibly representing some {\textquoteright}genetic compensation{\textquoteright}. 6. From a simple genetic model and these data on N(e) and m, it seems that populations of C. mercuriale have the potential to respond to localized spatial variation in selection and this would need to be considered for future genetic management of this endangered species.},
	author = {Watts, Phillip C and Saccheri, Ilik J and Kemp, Stephen J and Thompson, David J}
}
@article {239,
	title = {Predatory insects as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {145},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {339-47},
	abstract = {Heavy metal concentrations of different predatory insects were studied near by a steel factory and from control sites. Waterstriders (Gerridae), dragon fly larvae (Odonata), antlion larvae (Myrmeleontidae) and ants (Formicidae) were analyzed by AAS. In most cases the metal concentrations were higher near the factory, but e.g. waterstriders had higher cadmium concentrations in control area. Discriminant analysis clearly reveals that all these insect groups can be used as heavy metal indicators. However, the commonly used ants were the least effective in indicating the differences between the factory and control sites. Waterstriders are good in detecting differences in iron and manganese, but seem to be poor in accumulating nickel and lead. Antlions are efficient in detecting differences in iron. Antlions and ants are effective in accumulating manganese; as well antlions are efficient in accumulating cadmium. Waterstriders are poor in accumulating lead, but antlions and ants are effective.},
	author = {Nummelin, Matti and Lodenius, Martin and Tulisalo, Esa and Hirvonen, Heikki and Alanko, Timo}
}
@article {240,
	title = {Compatible genetic and ecological estimates of dispersal rates in insect (Coenagrion mercuriale: Odonata: Zygoptera) populations: analysis of {\textquoteright}neighbourhood size{\textquoteright} using a more precise estimator},
	journal = {Mol Ecol},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {737-51},
	abstract = {Genetic and demographic estimates of dispersal are often thought to be inconsistent. In this study, we use the damselfly Coenagrion mercuriale (Odonata: Zygoptera) as a model to evaluate directly the relationship between estimates of dispersal rate measured during capture-mark-recapture fieldwork with those made from the spatial pattern of genetic markers in linear and two-dimensional habitats. We estimate the {\textquoteright}neighbourhood size{\textquoteright} (Nb) - the product of the mean axial dispersal rate between parent and offspring and the population density - by a previously described technique, here called the regression method. Because C. mercuriale is less philopatric than species investigated previously by the regression method we evaluate a refined estimator that may be more applicable for relatively mobile species. Results from simulations and empirical data sets reveal that the new estimator performs better under most situations, except when dispersal is very localized relative to population density. Analysis of the C. mercuriale data extends previous results which demonstrated that demographic and genetic estimates of Nb by the regression method are equivalent to within a factor of two at local scales where genetic estimates are less affected by habitat heterogeneity, stochastic processes and/or differential selective regimes. The corollary is that with a little insight into a species{\textquoteright} ecology the pattern of spatial genetic structure provides quantitative information on dispersal rates and/or population densities that has real value for conservation management.},
	author = {Watts, Phillip C and Rousset, Fran{\c c}ois and Saccheri, Ilik J and Leblois, Rapha{\"e}l and Kemp, Stephen J and Thompson, David J}
}
@article {229,
	title = {Development of a molecular assay to detect predation on Anopheles gambiae complex larval stages},
	journal = {Am J Trop Med Hyg},
	volume = {77},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {464-6},
	abstract = {We developed a molecular assay to detect predation on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes. This intergenic spacer ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction assay and restriction enzyme analysis uses An. gambiae-specific primers to detect mosquito DNA in the DNA extracts from whole invertebrate predators, which enables identification of species (An. gambiae s.s. versus An. arabiensis) and molecular forms (M versus S in An. gambiae s.s.). We show that An. gambiae s.l. DNA can be detected after ingestion by members of the families Lestidae (order Odonata) after four hours, Libellulidae (order Odonata) after six hours, and Notonectidae (order Hemiptera) after 24 hours. This method is an improvement over previously published methods because of ease of execution and increased time of detection after ingestion.},
	author = {Schielke, Erika and Costantini, Carlo and Carchini, Gianmaria and Sagnon, N{\textquoteright}fal{\'e} and Powell, Jeffrey and Caccone, Adalgisa}
}
@article {230,
	title = {Homology of the wing base sclerites in Ephemeroptera (Insecta: Pterygota) - a reply to Willkommen and H{\"o}rnschemeyer},
	journal = {Arthropod Struct Dev},
	volume = {36},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {277-9},
	abstract = {We revised the homology of wing base structure in Ephemeroptera (Insecta: Pterygota) proposed by Willkommen and H{\"o}rnschemeyer in a recent issue of Arthropod Structure and Development. The first free sclerite (s1) in Ephemeroptera should be homologized with a part of the first axillary sclerite (1Ax) of Neoptera, together with the second free sclerite, whereas the authors recognized s1 as a detached part of the anterior notal wing process. The fifth free sclerite of Ephemeroptera should be homologized with the median notal wing process of Neoptera, rather than it being homologous with a part of 1Ax in Neoptera, as the authors postulated. Hypothesized secondary fusion of the axillary sclerites in Ephemeroptera and Odonata proposed by the authors is premature, because the basal phylogeny of Pterygota is still poorly understood, and an alternative interpretation of morphological evolution (i.e., that undifferentiated axillary sclerites represent the ground plan of Pterygota) can also be drawn from the Ephemeroptera+Neoptera hypothesis.},
	author = {Yoshizawa, Kazunori and Ninomiya, Tomoya}
}
