@article {239,
	title = {Predatory insects as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {145},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {339-47},
	abstract = {Heavy metal concentrations of different predatory insects were studied near by a steel factory and from control sites. Waterstriders (Gerridae), dragon fly larvae (Odonata), antlion larvae (Myrmeleontidae) and ants (Formicidae) were analyzed by AAS. In most cases the metal concentrations were higher near the factory, but e.g. waterstriders had higher cadmium concentrations in control area. Discriminant analysis clearly reveals that all these insect groups can be used as heavy metal indicators. However, the commonly used ants were the least effective in indicating the differences between the factory and control sites. Waterstriders are good in detecting differences in iron and manganese, but seem to be poor in accumulating nickel and lead. Antlions are efficient in detecting differences in iron. Antlions and ants are effective in accumulating manganese; as well antlions are efficient in accumulating cadmium. Waterstriders are poor in accumulating lead, but antlions and ants are effective.},
	author = {Nummelin, Matti and Lodenius, Martin and Tulisalo, Esa and Hirvonen, Heikki and Alanko, Timo}
}
@article {209,
	title = {Behaviour of damselfly larvae (Enallagma cyathigerum) (Insecta, Odonata) after long-term exposure to PFOS},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {157},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1332-6},
	abstract = {Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant that has been detected in organisms worldwide. Here, we evaluate whether long-term (1 and 4 months) exposure to PFOS contamination affects the behavioural performance of freshwater larvae of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum (Insecta: Odonata). Our results show reduced behavioural performance with increasing PFOS concentration. In 1 month exposed larvae, no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were 100 microg/L for general activity. In 4 months exposed larvae, NOECs were 10 microg/L, for each behavioural trait, except swimming acceleration of male larvae where the NOEC was 100 microg/L. When faced with PFOS concentrations above the NOEC, E. cyathigerum larvae were less active, less capable to escape a simulated predator attack and less efficient in foraging. Together, our results show that damselfly larvae suffer reduced survival-related behavioural performance.},
	author = {Van Gossum, Hans and Bots, Jessica and Snijkers, Tom and Meyer, Johan and Van Wassenbergh, Sam and De Coen, Wim and De Bruyn, Luc}
}
