01510nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000800212300001100220490000800231520101500239100001401254700001701268700001801285856004901303       1996                        eng d00aMolecular genetic analysis of sperm competition in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden)0 aMolecular genetic analysis of sperm competition in the damselfly  cOct  a1343-90 v2633 a{Sperm competition can be a powerful selective force in the evolution of mating systems. Several odonate species have attracted study to assess the extent and mechanism of last-male sperm precedence. Members of the genus Ischnura (Zygoptera) display a particularly interesting range of mating systems, and Ischnura elegans was selected for study. Polymorphic microsatellites were cloned, sequenced and used to determine paternity of I. elegans larvae, to reveal patterns of sperm precedence. More than 3000 larvae, collected from both wild and captively bred I. elegans females, were typed for one or two microsatellite loci and paternity was determined by comparison with parental genotypes. Microsatellite typing showed that most wild-caught females had mated with several males. Analysis of offspring from females which mated in captivity showed that multiple-matings result in a large proportion of last-male sperm precedence (mean value for immediate last male precedence is 0.79 +/- 0.2 (+/- s.d.; n = 111 aCooper, G1 aMiller, P, L1 aHolland, P, W  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/27601780nas a2200157   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000800241300001200249490000800261520125300269100001501522700001801537700001801555856004901573       2004                        eng d00aRemarkable iridescence in the hindwings of the damselfly Neurobasis chinensis chinensis (Linnaeus) (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae)0 aRemarkable iridescence in the hindwings of the damselfly Neuroba  cMar  a595-6010 v2713 aThe bright green dorsal iridescence of the hindwings of Neurobasis chinensis chinensis males, very rare in Odonata, is known to play a significant role in their courtship behaviour. The mechanism responsible for such high contrast and spectrally pure colour has been investigated and found to be optical interference, producing structural colour from distinct laminations in the wing membrane cuticle. The ventral sides of these iridescent wings are dark brown in colour. In a single continuous membrane of wing cuticle, this is an effect that requires a specialized structure. It is accomplished through the presence of high optical absorption (kappa = 0.13) within two thick layers near the ventral surface of the wing, which leads to superior dorsal colour characteristics. By simultaneously fitting five sets of optical reflectivity and transmissivity spectra to theory, we were able to extract very accurate values of the complex refractive index for all three layer types present in the wing. The real parts of these are n = 1.47, 1.68 and 1.74. Although there is often similarly significant dorsal and ventral colour contrast in other structurally coloured natural systems, very few system designs comprise only a single continuous membrane.1 aVukusic, P1 aWootton, R, J1 aSambles, J, R  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/25902067nas a2200181   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000800212300001100220490000800231520152000239100001201759700001501771700001701786700001901803700001401822856004901836       2008                        eng d00aCharacter-based DNA barcoding allows discrimination of genera, species and populations in Odonata0 aCharacterbased DNA barcoding allows discrimination of genera spe  cFeb  a237-470 v2753 aDNA barcoding has become a promising means for identifying organisms of all life stages. Currently, phenetic approaches and tree-building methods have been used to define species boundaries and discover 'cryptic species'. However, a universal threshold of genetic distance values to distinguish taxonomic groups cannot be determined. As an alternative, DNA barcoding approaches can be 'character based', whereby species are identified through the presence or absence of discrete nucleotide substitutions (character states) within a DNA sequence. We demonstrate the potential of character-based DNA barcodes by analysing 833 odonate specimens from 103 localities belonging to 64 species. A total of 54 species and 22 genera could be discriminated reliably through unique combinations of character states within only one mitochondrial gene region (NADH dehydrogenase 1). Character-based DNA barcodes were further successfully established at a population level discriminating seven population-specific entities out of a total of 19 populations belonging to three species. Thus, for the first time, DNA barcodes have been found to identify entities below the species level that may constitute separate conservation units or even species units. Our findings suggest that character-based DNA barcoding can be a rapid and reliable means for (i) the assignment of unknown specimens to a taxonomic group, (ii) the exploration of diagnosability of conservation units, and (iii) complementing taxonomic identification systems.1 aRach, J1 aDesalle, R1 aSarkar, I, N1 aSchierwater, B1 aHadrys, H  uhttps://worldodonata.myspecies.info/node/221