@article {268,
	title = {Infection of aquatic insects with trematode metacercariae carrying Ehrlichia risticii, the cause of Potomac horse fever},
	journal = {J Med Entomol},
	volume = {37},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {619-25},
	abstract = {We provide evidence of Ehrlichia risticii Holland, the agent of Potomac horse fever, in trematode stages found in aquatic insects collected from a pasture stream in northern California, using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA, 51 kDa major antigen and groEL heat shock protein genes. E. risticii was detected in metacercariae found in the immatures and adults of the following insects: caddisflies (Trichoptera), mayflies (Ephemeroptera), damselflies (Odonata, Zygoptera), dragonflies (Odonata, Anisoptera), and stoneflies (Plecoptera). The prevalence of E. risticii was 31.9\% (n = 454 individuals) in aquatic insects (13 of 17 species were positive). Prevalence within orders was as follows: 43.5\% (n = 207) in caddisflies, 15.2\% (n = 92) in mayflies, 13.9\% (n = 115) in damselflies, 10.0\% (n = 10) in dragonflies, and 80.0\% (n = 30) in stoneflies. This study demonstrates a broad intermediate host range for trematodes that act as vector for E. risticii. Insects are likely to play an important role in the epidemiology of this disease.},
	author = {Chae, J S and Pusterla, N and Johnson, E and Derock, E and Lawler, S P and Madigan, J E}
}
@article {278,
	title = {Colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and larvivorous predators in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the Philippines},
	journal = {J Med Entomol},
	volume = {27},
	number = {4},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {530-6},
	abstract = {Colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes and larvivorous predators was studied in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the Philippines. Dipper samples were taken from rice fields at six phases of maturity (fallow, ploughed, nursery, newly transplanted, after tillering, mature). All phases were present concurrently at each of two study sites. Abundance levels of the vishnui subgroup of Culex and of the genus Anopheles were high in ploughed fields, nurseries, and newly transplanted fields; this was primarily because of the concentration of Culex vishnui. Theobald and Anopheles vagus Doenitz in those fields with short, sparse vegetation. Dytiscidae, Anisoptera, and Zygoptera were more abundant in fallow or mature fields. The abundance of aquatic predators decreased at the onset of ploughing and then recovered slowly as rice plants grew. The abundance of surface predators showed a similar pattern, but less conspicuously. The abundance of nonpredators (other than mosquitoes) was relatively stable with regard to rice field phases. Alleviation of mortality by predation was considered to be a secondary cause of increased mosquito abundance in the fields under early phases of rice cultivation.},
	author = {Mogi, M and Miyagi, I}
}
